, 
These two photos were taken on May 2024, in Aa--- village, Way Shah village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township, Hpa-an District. On March 17th 2024, SAC soldiers from IB #275 army camp, conducted shelling (120 mm) into Aa--- village and two mortar shells landed on and burned a house, a shop, and a car owned by Saw C---. These two photos show the house, shop, and car that were burned by the SAC shelling. [Photos: KHRG]
March to November 2024: SAC shelling in T’Nay Hsah Township
On March 17th 2024, at 4:30 am, SAC [State Administration Council[2]] soldiers from Infantry Battalion [IB][3] #275 army camp [based near Myawaddy Town (in Kaw T'Ree Township, Dooplaya District)], fired mortar shells (120 mm) into Aa--- village, Way Shah village tract[4], T’Nay Hsah Township, Hpa-an District. Due to the shelling, the house, [car], and shop of a villager named Saw[5] C--- were burned down. The properties and belongings that were burned down cost around 100,000 THB [USD 3,055][6]. Saw C--- is 49 years old and he is a Thai national [but his village, Aa--- village, is in Karen State]. He has already repaired the house and shop damaged by the SAC shelling.
On October 27th 2024, at around 3 pm, the Burma Army[7] [under the command of the SAC; unknown military base] shelled a mortar round into Ab--- village, Yaw Kuh village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township. The shelling injured a 63-year-old woman named Daw[8] A--- on her lower back. She has one son, one daughter-in-law, and two grandchildren. She had been displaced to Ab--- monastery for her safety when the accident [shelling] happened. Daw A--- was sitting on the fifth step of the ladder at the back of the monastery building, close to a toilet, when the mortar shell landed on the first step of the ladder and the shrapnel struck her lower back.
After this, Daw A--- was sent to Ac--- clinic [administered by the Karen Department of Health and Welfare (KDHW)[9]] in Noh Kay village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township, and she arrived [at the clinic] at 4:30 pm. [However, she could not receive proper treatment at this first clinic.] Later, she was transferred to Ad--- clinic, in Noh Hkwee village tract, Ta Kreh Township, Hpa-an District. On November 10th 2024, [the doctor at Ad--- clinic] scanned [carried an X-ray] her injury and saw [that some of] the shrapnel remained near her lung. The health workers provided her with some medicine.
After two weeks, on November 23rd [2024], a health worker [at Ad--- clinic] scanned her injury again and informed her that two pieces of shrapnel remained [near her lung] and that it was difficult to operate to remove the shrapnel, so they did not perform surgery on her. The health worker told her that there was no risk [to her life from the injury]. She was discharged [from the clinic] and allowed to return to her house. However, she could not return to her village due to the ongoing fighting, so she went to Ae--- village, Htoh Kaw Ko village tract, to live with her daughter-in-law. She did not receive any support when she was in the [Ad---] clinic. The clinic is a Karen clinic [under KDHW], so the cost was not high. The first injury scan cost about 70,000 Kyat [USD 33.31][10], and the second time it cost about 30,000 Kyat [USD 14.28].
On November 28th 2024, in the afternoon, the Burma Army’s Infantry Battalion #97 [under the command of the SAC], based in [Hlaing Wa army camp, near] Kaw T’Ree Town (Kaw T’Ree Township, Dooplaya District), conducted indiscriminate shelling into Ab--- village [again]. [Starting] at 2 pm, after fighting happened between KNLA [Karen National Liberation Army[11]] combined forces [with different armed resistance groups] against the Burma military junta [SAC], the Burma Army soldiers conducted indiscriminate shelling.
At around 5 pm, when Naw[12] B--- was changing the water in the flowers' vases and lighting the candles in the shrine, an 81 mm mortar shell landed in front of her house -2 cubits [around 1 meter] away from the house. The shrapnel from the explosion hit the house and Naw B---. She was injured on her left thigh, right calf, and arm. She is 12-year-old and a grade-5[13] student.
As soon as she was injured, she was sent to the Ac--- clinic, in Noh Kay village tract, and she arrived at the clinic at 6 pm. The healthcare workers checked and cleaned her injury. They said that the shrapnel was stuck deep inside [her thigh] and worried that it could not be removed, so she [the victim] was transferred to the Ad--- clinic the next morning for treatment. [There,] the health worker checked her injury and took out the shrapnel. [Ad--- clinic is administered by KDHW, so the cost of treatment is not high.]
After she [Naw B---] got injured, her mother, named Daw D---, explained to [the KHRG researcher that she told] her daughter that even though the daughter was discharged from the clinic, they dared not go back to stay in their house. She said that they would not go back to their village, even if her daughter had to change schools to study. However, Naw B--- replied that she wanted to return and continue her studies to finish this year and, in the next year, if she had to change schools, she would move and study in another village.
Naw B---’s father passed away when she was young and so she stayed with [was taken care by] her mother.
Drug abuse in T’Nay Hsah Township
In T’Nay Hsah Township, the widespread use of drugs has been negatively affecting users’ health. Additionally, parents have to pay for the treatment and community members also have to deal with the users’ behavioral problems [caused by drug consumption].
Usually, people who distribute drugs are related to armed organisations. On June 6th 2024, KNU [Karen National Union[14]] local authorities arrested a drug seller named Saw E---, along with drug buyers and [confiscated] nine motorcycles. Saw E--- is a former PC [KNU/KNLA Peace Council[15]] soldier. The arrested people were sent to a [KNLA] military camp (undisclosed location).
Many young people [in T’Nay Hsah Township] are affected by drug usage. Those who distribute drugs are related to armed groups, but people who suffer from it are civilians.
Flooding and other livelihood challenges in Luh Pleh Township
In Luh Pleh Township, Hpa-an District, most people work in farming. In July 2024, many villagers’ plantations, including corn and cassava plantations, were damaged by flooding caused by heavy rains, creating challenges for their livelihoods.
Furthermore, the [currency] exchange rate and commodity prices have increased, negatively impacting villagers. It caused problems for both buyers and sellers. A fish seller [in Htee Kyar Rah village tract, Luh Pleh Township] [informally] explained [to the KHRG researcher] that one of her buyers told her that because sellers had increased the prices, the price [of products] was now higher. However, people [might] not know the sellers’ problems [related to the difficulty to obtain, transport and sell products]. In order to secure their livelihood, they [sellers] have to work even if it is raining or hot, but they receive less profits.
Some people work as truck drivers to support their livelihoods. When they transport things, [what used to be] a one-day journey has turned into a one-month journey or [at least] more than 10 days [as they cannot use the main paved roads due to fighting. The alternative routes lack paved roads]. They have to sleep in their trucks along the way. Moreover, they have to pay many fees at checkpoints [run by the PC, the SAC, or the Border Guard Force (BGF)[16]], so they [drivers] receive less profit [overall for the delivery]. To support their families, they have to work, despite the many challenges they face.
Further background reading on the situation in Hpa-an District in Southeast Burma/Myanmar can be found in the following KHRG reports:
, 
These photos were taken by local villager on November 26th 2024, in Ad--- clinic, Noh Hkwee village tract, Ta Kreh Township, Hpa-an District. On October 27th 2024, at around 3 pm, Burma Army soldiers shelled a mortar round into Ab--- village, Yaw Kuh village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township, and injured a 63-year-old woman named Daw A--- on her lower back. These photos show Daw A--- receiving treatment in Ad--- clinic. [Photos: Local villager]
March to November 2024: SAC shelling in T’Nay Hsah Township
On March 17th 2024, at 4:30 am, SAC [State Administration Council[2]] soldiers from Infantry Battalion [IB][3] #275 army camp [based near Myawaddy Town (in Kaw T'Ree Township, Dooplaya District)], fired mortar shells (120 mm) into Aa--- village, Way Shah village tract[4], T’Nay Hsah Township, Hpa-an District. Due to the shelling, the house, [car], and shop of a villager named Saw[5] C--- were burned down. The properties and belongings that were burned down cost around 100,000 THB [USD 3,055][6]. Saw C--- is 49 years old and he is a Thai national [but his village, Aa--- village, is in Karen State]. He has already repaired the house and shop damaged by the SAC shelling.
On October 27th 2024, at around 3 pm, the Burma Army[7] [under the command of the SAC; unknown military base] shelled a mortar round into Ab--- village, Yaw Kuh village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township. The shelling injured a 63-year-old woman named Daw[8] A--- on her lower back. She has one son, one daughter-in-law, and two grandchildren. She had been displaced to Ab--- monastery for her safety when the accident [shelling] happened. Daw A--- was sitting on the fifth step of the ladder at the back of the monastery building, close to a toilet, when the mortar shell landed on the first step of the ladder and the shrapnel struck her lower back.
After this, Daw A--- was sent to Ac--- clinic [administered by the Karen Department of Health and Welfare (KDHW)[9]] in Noh Kay village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township, and she arrived [at the clinic] at 4:30 pm. [However, she could not receive proper treatment at this first clinic.] Later, she was transferred to Ad--- clinic, in Noh Hkwee village tract, Ta Kreh Township, Hpa-an District. On November 10th 2024, [the doctor at Ad--- clinic] scanned [carried an X-ray] her injury and saw [that some of] the shrapnel remained near her lung. The health workers provided her with some medicine.
After two weeks, on November 23rd [2024], a health worker [at Ad--- clinic] scanned her injury again and informed her that two pieces of shrapnel remained [near her lung] and that it was difficult to operate to remove the shrapnel, so they did not perform surgery on her. The health worker told her that there was no risk [to her life from the injury]. She was discharged [from the clinic] and allowed to return to her house. However, she could not return to her village due to the ongoing fighting, so she went to Ae--- village, Htoh Kaw Ko village tract, to live with her daughter-in-law. She did not receive any support when she was in the [Ad---] clinic. The clinic is a Karen clinic [under KDHW], so the cost was not high. The first injury scan cost about 70,000 Kyat [USD 33.31][10], and the second time it cost about 30,000 Kyat [USD 14.28].
On November 28th 2024, in the afternoon, the Burma Army’s Infantry Battalion #97 [under the command of the SAC], based in [Hlaing Wa army camp, near] Kaw T’Ree Town (Kaw T’Ree Township, Dooplaya District), conducted indiscriminate shelling into Ab--- village [again]. [Starting] at 2 pm, after fighting happened between KNLA [Karen National Liberation Army[11]] combined forces [with different armed resistance groups] against the Burma military junta [SAC], the Burma Army soldiers conducted indiscriminate shelling.
At around 5 pm, when Naw[12] B--- was changing the water in the flowers' vases and lighting the candles in the shrine, an 81 mm mortar shell landed in front of her house -2 cubits [around 1 meter] away from the house. The shrapnel from the explosion hit the house and Naw B---. She was injured on her left thigh, right calf, and arm. She is 12-year-old and a grade-5[13] student.
As soon as she was injured, she was sent to the Ac--- clinic, in Noh Kay village tract, and she arrived at the clinic at 6 pm. The healthcare workers checked and cleaned her injury. They said that the shrapnel was stuck deep inside [her thigh] and worried that it could not be removed, so she [the victim] was transferred to the Ad--- clinic the next morning for treatment. [There,] the health worker checked her injury and took out the shrapnel. [Ad--- clinic is administered by KDHW, so the cost of treatment is not high.]
After she [Naw B---] got injured, her mother, named Daw D---, explained to [the KHRG researcher that she told] her daughter that even though the daughter was discharged from the clinic, they dared not go back to stay in their house. She said that they would not go back to their village, even if her daughter had to change schools to study. However, Naw B--- replied that she wanted to return and continue her studies to finish this year and, in the next year, if she had to change schools, she would move and study in another village.
Naw B---’s father passed away when she was young and so she stayed with [was taken care by] her mother.
Drug abuse in T’Nay Hsah Township
In T’Nay Hsah Township, the widespread use of drugs has been negatively affecting users’ health. Additionally, parents have to pay for the treatment and community members also have to deal with the users’ behavioral problems [caused by drug consumption].
Usually, people who distribute drugs are related to armed organisations. On June 6th 2024, KNU [Karen National Union[14]] local authorities arrested a drug seller named Saw E---, along with drug buyers and [confiscated] nine motorcycles. Saw E--- is a former PC [KNU/KNLA Peace Council[15]] soldier. The arrested people were sent to a [KNLA] military camp (undisclosed location).
Many young people [in T’Nay Hsah Township] are affected by drug usage. Those who distribute drugs are related to armed groups, but people who suffer from it are civilians.
Flooding and other livelihood challenges in Luh Pleh Township
In Luh Pleh Township, Hpa-an District, most people work in farming. In July 2024, many villagers’ plantations, including corn and cassava plantations, were damaged by flooding caused by heavy rains, creating challenges for their livelihoods.
Furthermore, the [currency] exchange rate and commodity prices have increased, negatively impacting villagers. It caused problems for both buyers and sellers. A fish seller [in Htee Kyar Rah village tract, Luh Pleh Township] [informally] explained [to the KHRG researcher] that one of her buyers told her that because sellers had increased the prices, the price [of products] was now higher. However, people [might] not know the sellers’ problems [related to the difficulty to obtain, transport and sell products]. In order to secure their livelihood, they [sellers] have to work even if it is raining or hot, but they receive less profits.
Some people work as truck drivers to support their livelihoods. When they transport things, [what used to be] a one-day journey has turned into a one-month journey or [at least] more than 10 days [as they cannot use the main paved roads due to fighting. The alternative routes lack paved roads]. They have to sleep in their trucks along the way. Moreover, they have to pay many fees at checkpoints [run by the PC, the SAC, or the Border Guard Force (BGF)[16]], so they [drivers] receive less profit [overall for the delivery]. To support their families, they have to work, despite the many challenges they face.
Further background reading on the situation in Hpa-an District in Southeast Burma/Myanmar can be found in the following KHRG reports:
This photo was taken in November 2024, in Ad--- clinic, Noh Hkwee village tract, Ta Kreh Township, Hpa-an District. On November 28th 2024, SAC Infantry Battalion #97 conducted shelling (81 mm rounds) into Ab--- village, Yaw Kuh village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township, Hpa-an District. The shelling injured a 12-year-old girl, named Naw B---, on her left thigh, right calf, and arm. This photo shows Naw B--- receiving treatment in Ad--- clinic. [Photos: KHRG]
March to November 2024: SAC shelling in T’Nay Hsah Township
On March 17th 2024, at 4:30 am, SAC [State Administration Council[2]] soldiers from Infantry Battalion [IB][3] #275 army camp [based near Myawaddy Town (in Kaw T'Ree Township, Dooplaya District)], fired mortar shells (120 mm) into Aa--- village, Way Shah village tract[4], T’Nay Hsah Township, Hpa-an District. Due to the shelling, the house, [car], and shop of a villager named Saw[5] C--- were burned down. The properties and belongings that were burned down cost around 100,000 THB [USD 3,055][6]. Saw C--- is 49 years old and he is a Thai national [but his village, Aa--- village, is in Karen State]. He has already repaired the house and shop damaged by the SAC shelling.
On October 27th 2024, at around 3 pm, the Burma Army[7] [under the command of the SAC; unknown military base] shelled a mortar round into Ab--- village, Yaw Kuh village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township. The shelling injured a 63-year-old woman named Daw[8] A--- on her lower back. She has one son, one daughter-in-law, and two grandchildren. She had been displaced to Ab--- monastery for her safety when the accident [shelling] happened. Daw A--- was sitting on the fifth step of the ladder at the back of the monastery building, close to a toilet, when the mortar shell landed on the first step of the ladder and the shrapnel struck her lower back.
After this, Daw A--- was sent to Ac--- clinic [administered by the Karen Department of Health and Welfare (KDHW)[9]] in Noh Kay village tract, T’Nay Hsah Township, and she arrived [at the clinic] at 4:30 pm. [However, she could not receive proper treatment at this first clinic.] Later, she was transferred to Ad--- clinic, in Noh Hkwee village tract, Ta Kreh Township, Hpa-an District. On November 10th 2024, [the doctor at Ad--- clinic] scanned [carried an X-ray] her injury and saw [that some of] the shrapnel remained near her lung. The health workers provided her with some medicine.
After two weeks, on November 23rd [2024], a health worker [at Ad--- clinic] scanned her injury again and informed her that two pieces of shrapnel remained [near her lung] and that it was difficult to operate to remove the shrapnel, so they did not perform surgery on her. The health worker told her that there was no risk [to her life from the injury]. She was discharged [from the clinic] and allowed to return to her house. However, she could not return to her village due to the ongoing fighting, so she went to Ae--- village, Htoh Kaw Ko village tract, to live with her daughter-in-law. She did not receive any support when she was in the [Ad---] clinic. The clinic is a Karen clinic [under KDHW], so the cost was not high. The first injury scan cost about 70,000 Kyat [USD 33.31][10], and the second time it cost about 30,000 Kyat [USD 14.28].
On November 28th 2024, in the afternoon, the Burma Army’s Infantry Battalion #97 [under the command of the SAC], based in [Hlaing Wa army camp, near] Kaw T’Ree Town (Kaw T’Ree Township, Dooplaya District), conducted indiscriminate shelling into Ab--- village [again]. [Starting] at 2 pm, after fighting happened between KNLA [Karen National Liberation Army[11]] combined forces [with different armed resistance groups] against the Burma military junta [SAC], the Burma Army soldiers conducted indiscriminate shelling.
At around 5 pm, when Naw[12] B--- was changing the water in the flowers' vases and lighting the candles in the shrine, an 81 mm mortar shell landed in front of her house -2 cubits [around 1 meter] away from the house. The shrapnel from the explosion hit the house and Naw B---. She was injured on her left thigh, right calf, and arm. She is 12-year-old and a grade-5[13] student.
As soon as she was injured, she was sent to the Ac--- clinic, in Noh Kay village tract, and she arrived at the clinic at 6 pm. The healthcare workers checked and cleaned her injury. They said that the shrapnel was stuck deep inside [her thigh] and worried that it could not be removed, so she [the victim] was transferred to the Ad--- clinic the next morning for treatment. [There,] the health worker checked her injury and took out the shrapnel. [Ad--- clinic is administered by KDHW, so the cost of treatment is not high.]
After she [Naw B---] got injured, her mother, named Daw D---, explained to [the KHRG researcher that she told] her daughter that even though the daughter was discharged from the clinic, they dared not go back to stay in their house. She said that they would not go back to their village, even if her daughter had to change schools to study. However, Naw B--- replied that she wanted to return and continue her studies to finish this year and, in the next year, if she had to change schools, she would move and study in another village.
Naw B---’s father passed away when she was young and so she stayed with [was taken care by] her mother.
Drug abuse in T’Nay Hsah Township
In T’Nay Hsah Township, the widespread use of drugs has been negatively affecting users’ health. Additionally, parents have to pay for the treatment and community members also have to deal with the users’ behavioral problems [caused by drug consumption].
Usually, people who distribute drugs are related to armed organisations. On June 6th 2024, KNU [Karen National Union[14]] local authorities arrested a drug seller named Saw E---, along with drug buyers and [confiscated] nine motorcycles. Saw E--- is a former PC [KNU/KNLA Peace Council[15]] soldier. The arrested people were sent to a [KNLA] military camp (undisclosed location).
Many young people [in T’Nay Hsah Township] are affected by drug usage. Those who distribute drugs are related to armed groups, but people who suffer from it are civilians.
Flooding and other livelihood challenges in Luh Pleh Township
In Luh Pleh Township, Hpa-an District, most people work in farming. In July 2024, many villagers’ plantations, including corn and cassava plantations, were damaged by flooding caused by heavy rains, creating challenges for their livelihoods.
Furthermore, the [currency] exchange rate and commodity prices have increased, negatively impacting villagers. It caused problems for both buyers and sellers. A fish seller [in Htee Kyar Rah village tract, Luh Pleh Township] [informally] explained [to the KHRG researcher] that one of her buyers told her that because sellers had increased the prices, the price [of products] was now higher. However, people [might] not know the sellers’ problems [related to the difficulty to obtain, transport and sell products]. In order to secure their livelihood, they [sellers] have to work even if it is raining or hot, but they receive less profits.
Some people work as truck drivers to support their livelihoods. When they transport things, [what used to be] a one-day journey has turned into a one-month journey or [at least] more than 10 days [as they cannot use the main paved roads due to fighting. The alternative routes lack paved roads]. They have to sleep in their trucks along the way. Moreover, they have to pay many fees at checkpoints [run by the PC, the SAC, or the Border Guard Force (BGF)[16]], so they [drivers] receive less profit [overall for the delivery]. To support their families, they have to work, despite the many challenges they face.
Further background reading on the situation in Hpa-an District in Southeast Burma/Myanmar can be found in the following KHRG reports: