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Reports » Regional & Thematic reports
 January 17th, 2006

SURVIVING IN SHADOW: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District


Top of Report | Terms and Abbreviations | Table of Contents | Introduction and Executive Summary | Forces in the District | Forced Labour | Landmines | Killings, Detention, and Torture | Fees, Looting, and Extortion | Restrictions | Food Security | Education and Health | Flight and Displacement | Future of the Area | Appendices Previous Section  

Appendix A: Endnotes
Appendix B: Index of Interviews and Field Reports
Appendix C: SPDC Military Units in Thaton District, 2001-2005
Appendix D: Villagers Killed by SPDC and DKBA Soldiers and Landmines
Appendix E: Villagers Wounded by SPDC and DKBA Soldiers and Landmines

Appendix A: Endnotes

Click on reference to return to where it is cited in the report:

1. Smith, Martin (1999), 'The Surrender of the KRC', in: Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity (2nd Ed.), pp: 213-218. London: Zed.

2. Selth, Andrew (2002), 'Recruitment, Training, and Doctrine', in: Burma's Armed Forces: Power without Glory , pp: 76-99. Norwalk: EastBridge.

3. 'Lt-Gen Maung Bo inspects development undertakings in Mon, Kayin States', in: New Light of Myanmar , May 9th 2005.

4. 'Lt-Gen Khin Maung Than Oversees Development of Ayeyawady Division', in: New Light of Myanmar, February 5th 2005.

5. Aung Zaw, 'Tycoon Turf', in: The Irrawaddy , Vol. 13, No. 9, September 2005, p. 20. Chiang Mai: Nopburee Press.

6. International Campaign to Ban Landmines (2004), Landmine Monitor Burma/Myanmar Annual Report 2004; Special Five Year Review.

7. Burmese Border Consortium (2003), Reclaiming the Right to Rice: Food Security and Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma. p.40. Bangkok: Burmese Border Consortium.

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Appendix B: Index of Interviews and Field Reports

This index summarises the interviews, field reports, and documents quoted in this report. While a great many more villagers and refugees were interviewed for this report, this list shows only those who have been directly quoted in the body of this report. The interview numbers correspond to those used in the quote captions. All names of those interviewed have been changed, and their village names omitted to protect them from possible reprisals from the SPDC or DKBA. Approximately 15% of those included in this list had already fled their homes and at the time of being interviewed were living as refugees in Thailand . In the summaries below, SPDC = State Peace and Development Council, DKBA = Democratic Karen Buddhist Army, KNU = Karen National Union, UXO = Unexploded Ordnance, and IDP = Internally Displaced Person.

Field Reports by KHRG Field Researchers

#
Date
Name
Sex
Age
Summary
FR1
5/05
"Saw Htoo Klay"
M
xx
 Forced labour, supplying materials, SPDC, DKBA, attempted rape
FR2
6/05
"Saw Htoo Klay"
M
xx
 Food security, education, health, SPDC, DKBA
FR3
6/05
"Saw Bah Heh"
M
xx
 General situation, ceasefire, extortion, supplying materials, food security, education, health, SPDC, KNU, forced labour

Interviews with KHRG Field Researchers

#
Date
Name
Sex
Age
Summary
1
4/02
"Saw Ghaw Wah"
M
xx
 General situation, education, extortion, forced labour, health
2
8/03
 "Saw Bah Heh" & "Saw Htoo Klay"
M
xx & xx
 General situation. Food security, IDP, military situation, forced relocation, Tha Ka Sa Pa , Pyitthu Sit , DKBA, drugs, KNU, forced labour
3
1/4
 "Saw Bah Heh"
M
xx
 General situation, landmines
4
6/04
"Saw Ghaw Wah"
M
xx
 General situation, education, military situation, health, forced labour
5
11/04
"Saw Ghaw Wah"
M
xx
 General situation, IDP, landmines, UXO, DKBA, restrictions, food security

Interviews with Karen Relief Workers and Officials

#
Date
Name
Sex
Age
Summary
6
4/02
"Saw Kaw Thu"
M
37
 Karen township official: Education, health, military situation, Tha Ka Sa Pa , DKBA, restrictions, drugs, forced labour, extortion, taxes
7
8/03
 "Saw Eh K'Thaw"
M
55
 Karen district official: Food security, crop destruction, military situation, restrictions, education, forced labour
8
1/4
 "Saw Hla Wah"
M
40
 Karen relief worker: Food security, forced labour, education, landmines, health, UXO, DKBA

Interviews with Villagers from Bilin Township

#
Date
Name
Sex
Age
Village
Summary
9
3/01
 "Daw Way"
F
53
xxxx
 Forced labour, looting, general situation, health, extortion
10
4/01
 "Saw Dee Ghay"
M
50
 xxxx Detention, torture, shooting, food security
11
5/01
 "Naw Lay Mo"
F
60
 xxxx Killing
12
5/01
 "Saw Ghaw"
M
30
 xxxx Detention, torture, looting
13
6/01
 "Saw Mya Kaw"
M
40
 xxxx Detention, torture, forced labour, human shields
14
6/01
 "Saw Play Loh"
M
27
 xxxx Killing, torture, detention, forced labour
15
8/01
 "Saw Mya Thein"
M
25
 xxxx Shootings, health
16
8/01
 "Saw Yo Tha"
M
48
 xxxx Forced labour
17
8/01
 "Naw Paw"
F
21
 xxxx Landmines
18
1/02
 "Saw Myint Thu"
M
36
 xxxx Detention, torture, looting, landmines, forced labour
19
1/02
 "Saw Bway Htoo"
M
59
 xxxx DKBA, torture, forced labour, looting
20
1/02
 "Saw Lay Mu"
M
33
 xxxx Torture, travel restrictions
21
1/02
 "Saw Meh Tee"
M
22
 xxxx Restrictions, DKBA, torture
22
1/02
 "Saw Lu Doh Say"
M
57
 xxxx Torture, forced labour, DKBA
23
2/02
 "U Maung Lay"
M
39
 xxxx Forced labour, education, extortion, restrictions, health, flight
24
2/02
 "Naw Hser Paw"
F
43
 xxxx Education, forced labour, extortion
25
2/02
 "Naw Tah Lay"
F
26
 xxxx Forced labour, extortion, demands for intelligence
26
3/02
 "Naw Thu Paw"
F
43
 xxxx Forced labour, health, KNU
27
3/02
 "Saw La Htoo Mu"
M
58
 xxxx Shooting, torture
28
3/02
 "Daw Lah Zin"
F
48
 xxxx Forced labour, extortion, looting, restrictions, food security, detention, education
29
3/02
 "Daw Kyaw Wah"
F
47
 xxxx Forced labour, demands, looting, forced relocation, demands for intelligence
30
3/02
 "Saw Kyi Nu"
M
28
 xxxx Forced labour, extortion, destruction of property
31
3/02
 "Saw Thaw Oo"
M
28
 xxxx Forced labour, torture, destruction of property, shooting
32
3/02
 "Naw Lah Eh Mu"
F
53
 xxxx Forced labour, DKBA, health, education
33
3/02
 "Saw Ba Ray"
M
26
 xxxx Forced labour, extortion, education, killing
34
3/02
 "Naw Po Lay"
F
53
 xxxx Forced labour, DKBA, health, education
35
4/02
 "Saw Ko Tha"
M
24
 xxxx Forced labour, health
36
4/02
 "Saw Eh K'Lay"
M
39
 xxxx Detention, torture, forced labour, looting, demands for intelligence
37
7/02
 "Naw Kyi Doh"
F
44
 xxxx Killing, health, military situation
38
8/02
 "Naw Wah"
F
38
 xxxx Health, forced labour, killing, torture, looting, extortion
39
8/02
 "Naw Ber Kaw"
F
52
 xxxx Food security, demands for intelligence, detention, rape, extortion
40
8/02
 "Naw Kee Per"
F
44
 xxxx Travel restrictions, forced labour, torture, looting, children, looting, extortion
41
8/02
 "Naw Kay Lah"
F
42
 xxxx Food security, general situation, forced labour, education, health, travel restrictions
42
8/02
 "Naw Khu Kyi"
F
50
 xxxx Food security
43
10/02
 "Saw Pa Aye"
M
28
 xxxx Forced labour, landmines, extortion
44
11/02
 "Saw Pa Lah"
M
24
 xxxx Restrictions, forced labour, landmines
45
11/02
 "Saw Po Po"
M
35
 xxxx Killing, forced labour, food security
46
11/02
 "U Day Thein"
M
42
 xxxx Torture, detention
47
11/02
 "Saw Eh Doo"
M
32
 xxxx Detention, torture
48
11/02
 "Naw Wee Wee"
F
42
 xxxx Travel restrictions, demands for intelligence, torture, extortion
49
11/02
 "Saw Ko Pi"
M
32
 xxxx Travel restrictions, torture
50
3/03
 "Saw Ni Maw"
M
29
 xxxx Food security, forced labour, looting
51
3/03
 "Saw Lah Say"
M
41
 xxxx Torture, forced labour, detention, health, killing, convicts, extortion
52
3/03
 "Saw Bo Ghay"
M
36
 xxxx Education, health, IDP, flight, travel restrictions, extortion, military police, detention, torture, killing, forced labour, food, convicts, looting
53
3/03
 "Saw Dee Kay"
M
50
 xxxx Food security, flight, extortion, forced labour, education
54
4/03
 "Daw Lay Wah"
F
50
 xxxx Food security, education
55
4/03
 "Naw Maw Thee"
F
20
 xxxx Food security, torture, killing, crop destruction, travel restrictions, forced labour, extortion
56
4/03
 "Daw Khu Pu"
F
50
 xxxx Food security, crop destruction, DKBA, forced labour, extortion, children
57
5/03
 "Saw Say Tee"
M
48
 xxxx Flight, refugee camps, torture
58
5/03
 "Naw Hla Win"
F
?
 xxxx Food security, demands for intelligence, torture, shooting, forced labour
59
6/03
 "Naw Bo Mu"
F
38
 xxxx Killing, torture, detention, forced labour
60
6/03
 "Saw Tha Sein"
M
35
 xxxx Forced labour, torture, convicts
61
6/03
 "U Mo Day"
M
40
 xxxx Forced labour, extortion, looting
62
7/03
 "Saw Zaw Kee"
M
48
 xxxx Forced labour, looting, education, rape
63
7/03
 "Naw Htoh Kee"
F
58
 xxxx Health
64
7/03
 "Saw Cho Aung"
M
49
 xxxx Food security, education, health, forced relocation, restrictions, killing, detention, torture, forced labour, DKBA, extortion
65
7/03
 "Daw Mu Lu Wah"
F
38
 xxxx Forced labour, demands for intelligence, torture, shooting
66
7/03
 "Naw Tha Wai"
F
46
 xxxx Extortion, forced labour, health
67
7/03
 "U Maung Shwe"
M
40
 xxxx Extortion, detention torture, killing, drugs, health, forced labour
68
11/03
 "Saw Taw Lay"
M
50
 xxxx Food security, torture, forced labour, extortion
69
11/03
 "Saw Kyaw Thu"
M
40
 xxxx Forced labour, looting, extortion
70
12/03
 "Saw Soe Bee"
M
40
 xxxx Food security, forced labour
71
1/04
 "Naw Than Sha"
F
53
 xxxx Forced labour, extortion, DKBA
72
5/04
 "Saw Hsa Shwe"
M
46
 xxxx Food security, forced labour
73
5/04
 "U Dah Lay"
M
65
 xxxx Forced labour
74
5/04
 "Saw Heh Taw"
M
51
 xxxx Education, forced labour, DKBA
75
5/04
 "Daw Paw Ghay"
F
52
 xxxx Forced labour, health, detention, killing, DKBA, extortion
76
5/04
 "U Na Mu Thee"
M
59
 xxxx Forced labour

Interviews with Villagers from Pa'an Township

#
Date
Name
Sex
Age
Village
Summary
77
4/01
 "Saw Hla Than"
M
37
xxxx
 Demands, torture
78
4/01
 "Saw Nay Min"
M
50
 xxxx Torture, detention, forced labour
79
8/01
 "Saw Htoo Shwe"
M
40
 xxxx Detention, torture, shooting, forced labour
80
2/02
 "Pa Chit Mu"
M
76
 xxxx Forced labour, KNU, extortion, taxes, restrictions
81
3/02
 "Naw Hsa Htoo"
F
18
 xxxx Forced labour, rape
82
4/02
 "Saw Ler Wah"
M
35
 xxxx Forced labour, landmines
83
1/03
 "Saw Po Win"
M
37
 xxxx Pyitthu Sit , extortion
84
1/03
 "Naw Ba Kee"
F
40
 xxxx Forced labour, detention, shooting, children, landmines, extortion, looting
85
1/03
 "Saw Eh K'Noh"
M
57
 xxxx Food security, flight, forced labour
86
1/03
 "Pa Kee Thaw"
M
50
 xxxx Forced labour, children
87
5/03
 "Naw Sun Wah"
F
60
 xxxx Forced labour
88
5/03
 "Saw Ter Kee"
M
?
 xxxx Detention, torture, killing
89
5/04
 "Saw Thaw Min"
M
66
 xxxx Forced labour, food security
90
5/04
 "Saw Kwee Tha"
M
56
 xxxx Education, forced labour, food security, DKBA
91
5/04
 "U Lah Paw"
M
40
 xxxx Food security, forced labour
92
5/04
 "Pa Hsa Ker"
M
70
 xxxx Taxes, forced labour, food security, looting
93
5/04
 "Saw Loh Mu"
M
45
 xxxx Education, forced labour, DKBA
94
5/04
 "Saw Tah Ler Kee"
M
61
 xxxx Forced labour, education, DKBA
95
5/04
 "Saw Bee Lu Lay"
M
52
 xxxx Forced labour, demands, DKBA
96
5/04
 "Saw Thu Day"
M
35
 xxxx Forced labour, DKBA

Interviews with Villagers from Thaton Township

#
Date
Name
Sex
Age
Village
Summary
97
12/02
 "Naw Eh Th'Saw"
M
32
xxxx
 Forced labour
98
3/03
 "Saw Play Kee"
M
40
 xxxx Education, health, flight, food security, forced labour, children, torture, SPDC, extortion, looting
99
11/03
 "Naw Tah Tah"
F
24
 xxxx Food security, forced labour
100
11/03
 "Saw Aye Dee "
M
40
 xxxx Torture, DKBA
101
11/03
 "Saw Wee Lee"
M
42
 xxxx Food security, torture, DKBA

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Appendix C: SPDC Military Units in Thaton District, 2001-2005

The battalions listed here have been confirmed by villagers, KNU intelligence, and other sources to have been active within Thaton District between 2001 and 2005, during the period over which this report is based. Most of the battalions listed here are not based permanently in the district but rotate in and out of the district on average every four months.

Southeast Regional Command

IB #24
IB #62
IB #51
IB #96

Light Infantry Division (LID) #44

IB #2
LIB #102
IB #8
LIB #104
LIB #1
LIB #118
LIB #3
LIB #207
LIB #9
.

Light Infantry Division (LID) #66

IB #1
IB #80
IB #11
LIB #6
IB #14
LIB #10
IB #35
LIB #108

Military Operations Command (Sa Ka Ka) #9

LIB #374
LIB #377
LIB #375
LIB #80
LIB #376
.

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Appendix D: Villagers Killed by SPDC and DKBA Soldiers and Landmines

This is a partial list of villagers killed by SPDC or DKBA soldiers in Thaton District. The list includes villagers who were shot, stabbed, beaten, or tortured to death as well as any who died after stepping on SPDC or DKBA landmines. These killings have been described in the interviews and field reports collected for this report. Many of them have been corroborated by several different interviews and field reports. There are 55 people on this list who have been killed since mid-1999, but it is important to stress that this list is far from complete and that the real death toll may well be much higher, perhaps even double that shown here. This list does not include the hundreds of people who have died of starvation, disease or accidents caused by having to flee their villages or the actions of the SPDC within the villages. Under 'Twp' (Township), T = Thaton, P = Pa'an, and B = Bilin. Under 'Source' , FR indicates Field Reports from KHRG field researchers and 'Ix' indicates interviews with villagers, where 'x' is the interview number used in the report. See 'Appendix B: Index of Interviews and Field Reports' for a complete list of all interviews directly cited throughout this report. There are a number of interviews and Field Reports listed here that, while not quoted and thus not included in 'Appendix B', provided valuable information towards the writing of this report.

 

#
Date
Name
Sex
Age
Village
Twp
Remarks
Source
1
Mid 1999
Thu Ka Bee
M
?
xxxx
B
 Shot in the leg by SPDC soldiers who surprised a group of KNLA soldiers in the village and opened fire. The SPDC soldiers accused him of supporting the KNLA and shot him dead. I102
2
1999
Maung Nyunt
M
18
 xxxx
B
 Arrested and taken away after portering by IB #51 and stabbed to death. The SPDC had intercepted a KNLA radio message which named him. I102
3
8/11/99
Saw Maung Yee
M
34
 Pwoh
P
 While hunting birds with a homemade musket, he was seen by soldiers of IB #231 who opened fire with small arms and RPGs. Shot in the chest and killed instantly. Other villagers were threatened not to tell anyone and given 2,000 K to bury the body. FR4
4
Between 10/99 & 6/00
Thein Ko
M
35
 Kaw Leh
T
 Discovered by soldiers of LIB #357 in a field hut and accused of feeding KNLA and thus killed. I103
5
 Htun Tin
M
46
 Kaw Leh
T
6
Between 10/99 & 6/00
Ka Na
M
56
 Neh Paw Hta
T
 Killed by soldiers of LIB #357. I103
7
Between 10/99 & 6/00
unnamed villager
?
?
 Neh Paw Hta
T
 Killed by soldiers of LIB #357. I103
8
Between 10/99 & 6/00
Bee Kya
M
31
 Ta Maw Daw
T
 Accused by soldiers of LIB #357 of contacting KNLA and killed. I103
9
5/00
Maung Tin Aye
M
?
 ?
B
 The wife of a KNLA soldier who had surrendered to the SPDC accused four men of being KNLA. They were arrested by SPDC, but one was able to escape. The other three were buried in pits up to their necks and had their heads cut off. I14
10
 Maung Aye
M
?
 ?
B
11
 Kyaw K'Baw
M
?
 ?
B
12
26/6/00
Saw Mo Aye
M
45
 La Ko
T
 These 9 villagers were arrested by LIB #9 and accused of hiding and feeding the KNU. They were taken to Pa Nweh Kla Army camp and buried up their necks for a night. The next morning they were forced to run through the fields and released but told that if another battle occurred within the next 7 days, they would all be killed. Fighting occurred 2 days later and 2 of LIB #9's men were injured. The villagers were rearrested and beaten to death. FR5
13
 Saw Maung Tin Aye
M
30
 La Ko
T
14
 Saw Na Ma
M
55
 Naw Plaw Plu
T
15
 Saw Maung Kyaw
M
40
 Thayagone
T
16
 Saw Pa Leh Say
M
30
 La Ko
T
17
 Saw Kyaw K'Paw
M
40
 Ka Daw Ni
T
18
 Saw Maung Tu Po
M
?
 Maw Lay
T
19
 Saw Kyaw Win
M
?
 Htee Po Thay Yay
T
20
 Saw T'May Htun
M
28
 Ka Daw Ni
T
21
29/9/00
Maung Day
M
28
 xxxx
B
 Accused of being KNLA and stabbed and beaten to death by SPDC soldiers. Two other men were also badly beaten. I104, I105
22
26/3/01
Saw Pa Kya
M
?
 Pwoh
P
 This village tract leader was shot dead by IB #6 and DKBA under Moe Kyo. Afterwards they cut out his heart and liver and threw his body into a river. FR6
23
14/5/01
Saw Htoh Kaw
M
60
 Htaw Klaw Kee
B
 Shot in his rice field by SPDC soldiers. He was shot in the abdomen, creating a large exit wound in his buttocks. An SPDC medic tried to treat him but there was nothing he could do. He died soon after. I11
24
4/01
Kaw La Gay
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Shot by soldiers from LIB #107 while in a field hut. I106
25
30/9/01
Kaw La
M
22 or 25
La Kyo Koh
B
 Killed by landmine in his hill field laid by DKBA soldiers under Moe Kyo. I18, I107
26
11/01 or 12/01
Ma Yu Pee
F
16
 Khaw Po Pleh
B
 Shot in the abdomen and killed by SPDC soldiers. I24
27
2001
Po Yay
M
?
 Ta Oo Kee
B
 Was sleeping in a field hut when SPDC soldiers arrived and opened fire. He fled wearing only short pants. He was shot through his left shoulder and in the buttocks. I45
28
12/4/02
Pa Tu Ngeh
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested by LIB #1 and tortured. He was then ransomed for a gun. Stabbed to death three days later when the ransom was not paid. I108, I109
29
7/02
Pa Hla Shein
M
40+
 Ka Meh
B
 These 6 villagers accused of sending rice to the KNU then buried up to their necks. Shot dead the next morning by SPDC soldiers. I110
30
 Maung Tin Aye
M
25
 Ka Meh
B
31
 Maung Kyaw
M
30+
 Ka Meh
B
32
 Maung Shwe Lay
M
?
 Ka Meh
B
33
 Maung Aye
M
?
 Ka Meh
B
34
 Maung Kyaw Pi Tu
M
?
 Ka Meh
B
35
18/7/02
Po Kee Kay
M
47
 Klaw Hta
B
 Killed in the forest by SPDC soldiers. He was beaten and stabbed before being shot in the head. I49
36
7/02
Htee Po Loh
M
?
 Kru Meh
T
 Taken to porter for an SPDC Army column and disappeared. Relatives said he was killed during fighting. I98
37
23/8/02
Pweh Htoo
M
42
 xxxx
B
 Village head arrested and accused of aiding the KNLA. He was slapped twice in the face and then stabbed. He was taken away to porter but later disappeared and is presumed dead. I111
38
15/9/02
Saw Than Aye
M
18
 xxxx
B
 Killed by a landmine while portering for SPDC soldiers. I43
39
15/9/02
Saw Plaw Kee
M
38
 xxxx
B
 Killed by a landmine while portering for SPDC soldiers. I43
40
9/02 or 10/02
Pa Wah Koh
M
?
 Lay Kay
B
 Arrested by the SPDC while ploughing his field and then executed. I52
41
2002
Po Kheh Kyay
M
?
 Baw Naw Po Kee
B
 These 6 men have all been rumoured to have been killed. I111
42
 K'Maw
M
?
 Baw Naw Po Kee
B
43
 Maung Aung Thein
M
?
 Baw Naw Po Kee
B
44
 unnamed villager
M
?
 K'Wa Hta
B
45
 unnamed villager
M
?
 Klaw Hta
B
46
 unnamed villager
M
?
 Klaw Hta
B
47
?
 Maung Kyaw Yin
M
?
 ?
B
 Killed by SPDC or DKBA and left in the forest. I112
48
Dry season 2003
Pa Beh Yu
M
?
 Ta Meh Kee
B
 Arrested and interrogated by DKBA. Not satisfied with his answers, they wrapped his head in a tarpaulin and held him underwater until he drowned. I55
49
25/3/03
Maung Hla Aye
M
20
 xxxx
P
 Accused of stealing a buffalo and shot dead by soldiers of DKBA #333 Brigade. I115
50
25/4/03
Pa Mee Per
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested with Pa Maw Kwee (#51) and another man and executed by IB #11. The fate of the other man is unknown. I58
51
25/4/03
Pa Maw Kwee
M
31
 xxxx
B
 Arrested at his home. Was tied up, beaten, and slashed with a knife. Ordered to show IB #11 where KNLA were hiding before being killed.
52
25/4/03
Saw Pa Eh Soe
M
28
 xxxx
B
 Tried to flee from IB #11 and shot dead. His body was later mutilated. It is quite probable that he was KNLA/KNU. I58, I59
53
7/5/03
Saw Maung Kwee
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested with three other villagers and tortured and interrogated by soldiers of IB #14. Unable to speak Burmese well so he gave the wrong answers and was taken away, tortured for several days and executed. I113, I67
54
8/5/03
Pa Mi Per
M
38
 Htee Si Baw
B
 Arrested by SPDC soldiers and accused of being KNU and was later executed. I75
55
17/9/03
Po Sheh Loh
M
22
 Th'Waw Pya
B
 Shot dead by DKBA soldiers from #333 Brigade. He was shot eight times and then slashed with a knife on his leg and back. I114

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Appendix E: Villagers Wounded by SPDC and DKBA Soldiers and Landmines

This is a partial list of villagers wounded or injured by SPDC or DKBA soldiers in Thaton District. These incidents have been described in the interviews and field reports collected for this report. Many of them have been corroborated by several different interviews and field reports. There are 138 people on this list who have been injured since late-1999, but it is important to emphasise that this list is far from complete and that the real number is probably much higher than that shown here. This list does not include the hundreds of people who have suffered illnesses or been injured in accidents caused by having to flee their villages or the actions of the SPDC within the villages. Under 'Twp' (Township), T = Thaton, P = Pa'an, and B = Bilin. Under 'Source', FR indicates Field Reports from KHRG field researchers and 'Ix' indicates interviews with villagers, where 'x' is the interview number used in the report. See 'Appendix B: Index of Interviews and Field Reports' for a complete list of all interviews directly cited throughout this report. There are a number of interviews and Field Reports listed here that, while not quoted and thus not included in 'Appendix B', provided valuable information towards the writing of this report.

 

#
Date
Name
Sex
Age
Village
Twp
Remarks
Source
1
8/99
unnamed villager
F
38
P--
B
 This village headwoman was interrogated and then raped by an SPDC officer. I115
2
26/12/99
Saw P--
M
40
 K--
B
 Soldiers of LIB #548 opened fire on him in his field without warning, wounding him in the thigh. I116
3
5/00
M--
M
?
 L--
B
 SPDC soldiers opened fire on his village after a buffalo ran out, thinking that the KNLA was in the village. Wounded in the arm; no medical assistance was given by the SPDC. I117
4
5/00
"Saw Play Loh"
M
27
 xxxx
B
 Beaten severely after being arrested by SPDC and accused of being KNLA. I14
5
Mid 2000
Naw B--
F
18
 P--
B
 Raped by an SPDC Army soldier. I119
6
8/00
"Saw Play Loh"
M
27
 xxxx
B
 Questioned by the DKBA about whereabouts of KNU and hit on the nose with a mortar barrel (same man as #4, but separate incident). I14
7
 Saw M--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 I117
8
18/9/00
"Saw Htoo Shwe"
M
40
 xxxx
P
 Arrested and beaten by DKBA under allegation of supporting the KNU. He fled when he couldn't endure the beating and was shot once in the thigh and twice in the calf as he ran. I79
9
29/9/00
Saw H--
M
23
 xxxx
B
 Accused of being KNLA by SPDC soldiers and beaten. The soldiers rolled over them and suffocated with water before being released. A third man was beaten to death (#21 in Appendix D). I118
10
 Pa M--
M
20
 xxxx
B
11
11/00
K--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Accused of being KNLA by LIB #1 and slapped twice in the face. I119
12
11/00
Pa K--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 DKBA told LIB #1 that his father was a KNU health worker. He was arrested by the SPDC and ordered to provide intelligence. He was stabbed and had writing carved into his face with a knife and his stomach pounded with a paddy pounding pestle. I119
13
 Pa K--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested along with Pa K-- (#12), stabbed and had writing carved into his face with a knife and his stomach pounded with a paddy pounding pestle. I119
14
11/00
Pa M--
M
?
 K--
B
 Arrested by the SPDC who wrapped their heads in nylon and then poured water over them. I119
15
 A--
M
?
 K--
B
16
 E--
M
?
 K--
B
17
 Saw L--
M
?
 K--
B
18
11/00
"Saw Mya Kaw"
M
40
 xxxx
B
 Detained and beaten for 10 days by the SPDC for being accused of supporting the KNU. Afterwards forced to porter for 5 days. I13
19
2000
"Daw Lah Zin"
F
48
 xxxx
B
 Forced by LIB #546 to sit very close to a fire, then forced to sit in a river for one hour and then 'roasted' by the fire again. I28
20
1/1/01
"Saw Dee Ghay"
M
50
 xxxx
B
 Arrested by the SPDC and detained in leg stocks for 3 days where he was repeatedly questioned about having a gun. Beaten with a rifle butt, stabbed several times, punched in the head and shot in the leg. He was held in the Army camp for 1 ½ months before being released. I10
21
12/1/01
M--
M
30
 xxxx
B
 Arrested by LIB #107 and accused of working with the KNU. He was tied up, beaten, and his head was wrapped with a tarpaulin. Held for three days. I120
22
1/01
M--
M
30
 xxxx
B
 Arrested by the SPDC while working in another village and accused of being a KNLA officer. He was tied up, beaten, and stabbed. Escaped while being taken to be executed. I121
23
29/2/01
M--
M
36
 L--
B
 Arrested by LIB # 107 and tortured. He escaped after 4 days. I122
24
25/3/01
"Saw Nay Min"
M
50
 xxxx
P
 These 3 men were arrested by the DKBA and punched, kicked, and suffocated to reveal the location of KNLA units. Later forced to porter for 2 days. I78
25
 Pa H--
M
?
 xxxx
P
 I123
26
 Saw P--
M
?
 xxxx
P
 I123
27
28/3/01
"Saw Hla Than"
M
37
 xxxx
P
 Beaten 5 times with a piece of bamboo by a DKBA officer for the inability to give the demanded amount of thatch. I77
28
20/4/01
"Saw Hla Than"
M
37
 xxxx
P
 Beaten by DKBA soldiers for not sending information about KNLA movements (same man as #27 but different incident). I77
29
20/4/01
M--
M
?
 T--
P
 Boys arrested, punched, and kicked by DKBA. Beaten with a length of bamboo 3 or 4 times. I124
30
 Pa K--
M
?
 T--
P
31
4/01
Saw K--
M
31
 T--
B
 Questioned about a KNLA officer by SPDC and DKBA soldiers. Beaten with sticks and rifle butts for not giving the right answers. Soldiers shot at their feet and threatened to kill them and eat their gall bladders with alcohol. I125, I126
32
 P--
M
28
 T--
B
33
4/01
Pa D--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested by LIB #107, tied up and beaten for 2 days. Two of his ribs were broken and he was badly bruised. His nephew was shot and killed (#24 in Appendix D). I127, I128
34
12-5-01
Saw P--
M
18
 H--
B
 Arrested and beaten by IB #6. The villagers had to give 19 chickens and other items for his release. I129
35
13/5/01
"Saw Ghaw"
M
30
 xxxx
B
 Accused by a KNLA defector of also being a soldier and arrested by the SPDC. He was interrogated and beaten. His wife (#37) was also arrested and tied up. She was released the following day. He was put in a pit and kept for a further 4 days. I12
36
14-5-01
"Saw Ghaw"
M
30
 xxxx
B
 Arrested by LIB #106 along with her husband (#35) and tortured before being released. I12
37
 Ma M--
F
26
 xxxx
B
38
6/6/01
"Naw Paw"
F
21
 xxxx
B
 Lost her leg to a DKBA landmine while walking on a path. I17
39
3/7/01
"Saw Mya Thein"
M
25
 xxxx
B
 Shot 3 times when fleeing from SPDC and DKBA soldiers. I15
40
15/9/01
 "Naw Hsa Htoo"
F
18
 xxxx
P
 Punched 3 times during attempted rape by 3 DKBA soldiers. I81
41
25/9/01
Saw P--
M
52
 xxxx
B
 These 6 men were arrested, interrogated, and beaten by DKBA soldiers under Moe Kyo. All were beaten with rifle butts and a length of bamboo and Saw P-- (#41) was also stabbed and had his face cut with a coconut shell. I130, I57
42
 Saw M--
M
22
 xxxx
B
43
 "Saw Say Tee"
M
?
 xxxx
B
44
 Saw K--
M
?
 xxxx
B
45
 Pa L--
M
?
 xxxx
B
46
 unnamed villager
M
18
 xxxx
B
47
25/9/01
Naw P--
F
59
 xxxx
B
 These 5 village heads were interrogated, kicked, and beaten with a length of bamboo by DKBA soldiers. I131
48
 Naw D--
F
30
 xxxx
B
 I131, I132
49
 "Saw Lu Doh Say"
M
57
 xxxx
B
 I122
50
 Pa H--
M
48
 xxxx
B
 I133, I134
51
 "Saw Bway Htoo"
M
59
 xxxx
B
 I19
52
25/9/01
"Saw Myint Thu"
M
36
 xxxx
B
 Beaten by Moe Kyo of the DKBA and threatened with execution if he did not show him a KNU supply cache. I18
53
11/01
Naw M--
F
?
 K--
B
 Hurt (possibly shot) in the elbow by SPDC soldiers. I135
54
7/01
 "Saw Lay Mu"
M
33
 xxxx
B
 Punched, kicked, and stomped on by IB #62 for not reporting KNLA movements while on sentry duty. Also beaten with a mortar shell and stabbed. He was not even on sentry duty that night. I20
55
9/01
"Saw Meh Tee"
M
22
 xxxx
B
 Accused of being KNLA and beaten by DKBA. I21
56
7/01
M--
M
?
 K--
B
 Slapped and punched by LIB #3 for being unable to find the KNLA. I136
57
 S--
M
?
 K--
B
58
10/01
P--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 These 2 villagers were beaten when the SPDC column they were guiding was ambushed. I137
59
 Pa A--
M
?
 xxxx
B
60
12/01
Pa O--
M
41
 L--
B
 Arrested and beaten by the DKBA following a KNLA ambush. I138
61
2001
Ma P--
M
22
 xxxx
B
 Wounded by shrapnel in the chest and waist when the SPDC shelled his village. I139
62
2001
unnamed villager
F
?
 xxxx
B
 Wounded in shoulder by shrapnel when the SPDC shelled her village. I139
63
2001
"Naw Tha Wai"
F
46
 xxxx
B
 Hit twice with a rifle butt and choked by the SPDC after someone ran away from them. I66
64
8/3/02
"Saw La Htoo Mu"
M
58
 xxxx
B
 Hit and kicked by an SPDC officer who then tried to shoot him 3 times, but the gun misfired. I27
65
8/3/02
Saw D--
M
18
 T--
B
 Punched and slapped by LIB #118 because he was unable to speak Burmese and answer their questions. I140
66
12/4/02
Pa Y--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested along with another man by LIB #1 and punched and kicked. Later freed to search for a gun as ransom. The other man was killed (#28 in Appendix D). I141, I142
67
20/4/02
"Saw Eh K'Lay"
M
39
 xxxx
B
 Arrested, bound, beaten, and interrogated about the names and locations of KNLA soldiers. A gun was put in his mouth at one point. I36
68
23/2/02
Saw A--
M
18
 xxxx
B
 Accused of being a KNLA soldier by LIB #118 and hit, kicked, choked, beaten with a rifle butt, and had his head wrapped in tarpaulin and suffocated with water. I133, I134
69
Early 2002
Naw H--
F
60
 xxxx
B
 She was ordered to find a gun and a walkie-talkie and threatened with a knife and hit in the head 3 times with a piece of firewood when she could not. Handcuffed to a house post overnight. I135
70
6/02
"Saw Ko Pi"
M
32
 xxxx
B
 Was accused of helping the KNLA and beaten with rifle butts following fighting between the SPDC and KNLA. I49
71
Mid 2002
unnamed villager
M
?
 P--
B
 Arrested by SPDC soldiers who stomped on their backs with their boots. I146
72
 unnamed villager
M
?
 P--
B
73
7/02
Ma L--
F
?
 xxxx
B
 Accused of supplying rice to the KNU. Was slapped, kicked, and strangled by SPDC soldiers who also wrapped her face and poured water over it, burned her with a hot iron, and scalded her arm with boiling water (wife of #74). I147
74
7/02
T--
M
49
 xxxx
B
 Accused of supplying rice to the KNU. Was slapped, kicked, and strangled by SPDC soldiers who also covered his face with a wet longyi to suffocate him (husband of #73). I147
75
7/02
M--
M
25
 xxxx
B
 A landmine exploded near these two men while tending their buffaloes and they were accused by a passing SPDC unit of being KNLA. They were kicked and beaten with fists and rifle butts and later forced to guide the soldiers. I148
76
 Saw M--
M
23
 xxxx
B
77
7/02
unnamed villager
M
?
 H--
B
 These 2 porters were shot while fleeing. One was wounded in the arm and the other in the stomach. Both received medical attention from KNLA medics. I149
78
 unnamed villager
M
?
 H--
B
79
15/9/02
M--
M
40
 T--
B
 Wounded by shrapnel from a landmine while portering for the SPDC. Two other porters were killed. I150
80
 M--
M
42
 K--
B
 Wounded by shrapnel from a landmine while portering for the SPDC. Two other porters were killed (#38 and #39 in Appendix D). I150
81
17/9/02
"U Day Thein"
M
42
 xxxx
B
 Beaten with a rifle butt, suffocated with a wet towel, and kicked in the face following an ambush while portering for the SPDC. Later stabbed twice with a knife. I46
82
17/9/02
Pa N--
M
40
 T--
B
 Kicked by SPDC soldiers after falling under the load given to him to porter, breaking his ribs and causing him to lose consciousness twice. I151
83
10/02
"Naw Wee Wee"
F
42
 xxxx
B
 These 2 village heads were beaten on their backs and heads by IB #8 for giving inaccurate information about KNLA movements. I48
84
10/02
unnamed villager
F
?
 xxxx
B
85
11/02
"Saw Bo Ghay"
M
36
 xxxx
B
 Locked in leg stocks and punched 3 times in the chest for arriving late for his shift of forced labour. I52
86
2002
K--
M
18
 xxxx
P
 Accused of being KNLA and was bound, punched, kicked, suffocated, beaten with a gun butt and stabbed repeatedly. I152
87
10/02
Pa K--
M
?
 L--
B
 These 4 men were forced to porter loads for the SPDC. One was beaten so badly he was coughing blood and was unable to move. Pa K-- (#87) has disappeared and the other 2 possibly escaped. I149
88
 Saw V--
M
?
 L--
B
89
 Saw H--
M
?
 L--
B
90
 Saw M--
M
?
 L--
B
91
12/11/02
"Saw Eh Doo"
M
32
 xxxx
B
 Punched and kicked by an SPDC officer for giving unsatisfactory answers during interrogation. I47
92
< 2003
"Saw Bo Ghay"
M
50
 xxxx
B
 Was kicked and punched during questioning. I53
93
1/03
Saw P--
M
?
 P--
B
 Beaten by soldiers of LID #44 for not informing them that the KNLA had held a meeting in the village. I153
94
 unnamed villager
?
?
 P--
B
95
 unnamed villager
?
?
 P--
B
96
 unnamed villager
?
?
 P--
B
97
 unnamed villager
?
?
 P--
B
98
 unnamed villager
?
?
 P--
B
99
2/03
unnamed villager
?
?
 xxxx
B
 Small child who had part of his buttocks shot off when SPDC soldiers opened fire on his house because KNLA soldiers were in it. I154
100
2/03
"Saw Play Kee"
M
40
 xxxx
T
 Punched, kicked and repeatedly hit with a rifle butt when he complained of being sick and asking to be allowed to return home from portering. Five of his ribs were broken and he was coughing up blood. I98
101
1/4/03
Saw M--
M
?
 N--
T
 Hit 3 times by IB #35 because he could not speak Burmese. I155
102
25/4/03
K--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Detained and beaten after a neighbour had fled and was shot dead. Held overnight and then released. Two other men arrested on the same day were executed (#50 and #51 in Appendix D). I156, I157
103
 Saw M--
M
?
 xxxx
B
104
7/5/03
Saw K--
M
40
 P--
B
 Detained and interrogated by IB #14, during which he was kicked and stabbed in the chest with a knife. I158, I159
105
7/5/03
"U Maung Shwe"
M
40
 xxxx
B
 Detained and tortured for 3 days. Were ordered to be killed by the commander but were released by another officer. Another man was taken away and executed (#53 in Appendix D). I67
106
 Saw M--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 I158, I159
107
7/5/03
Pa M--
M
?
 B--
B
 Arrested and tortured by IB #14. I159
108
 Pa L--
M
?
 B--
B
109
5/03
Pa M--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested and tortured by IB #14.  
110
5/03
T--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested and tortured by IB #14 for having a walkie-talkie.  
111
5/03
W--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Arrested and tortured by IB #14 for having a walkie-talkie.  
112
7/6/03
Saw T--
M
19
 L--
B
 Beaten by LIB #10 7 times and demanded 2 chickens from him. I160
113
6/03
Saw M--
M
?
 xxxx
B
 Suspected of contacting the KNLA and was punched and beaten with rifle butts. I161
114
1/7/03
Saw P--
M
?
 xxxx
P
 Accused of being KNLA and was arrested and beaten by IB #1 and the DKBA. I160
115
26/8/03
Pu M--
M
56
 K--
B
 Arrested and repeatedly punched in the face after the DKBA was ambushed by the KNLA. I162
116
8/03
H--
M
45
 H--
B
 Interrogated by DKBA #333 Brigade soldiers under Bo Tin Win. Punched in the eyes, kicked, and had a gun put to his head. I163
117
22/9/03
Saw K--
M
?
 xxxx
P
 Arrested by DKBA soldiers under Bo Tin Win and were strangled and slapped. Then taken into the forest and beaten and held underwater until almost dead. Only released when one of the men said that he had brother in the DKBA. I160
118
 Saw K--
M
?
 xxxx
P
119
 Saw T--
M
?
 xxxx
P
120
9/03
Pa K--
M
50
 L--
B
 Was arrested by the DKBA and forced to show them where the KNLA was hiding. Was beaten with a rifle butt and threatened with being shot when he couldn't. He was later beaten and kicked. I164
121
 M--
M
40
 M--
B
122
 unnamed villager
?
?
 M--
B
123
 unnamed villager
?
?
 M--
B
124
10/03
Pa T--
M
?
 P--
T
 Beaten by DKBA soldiers when they were unable to lead them to where the KNU was hiding. I165, I166
125
 Saw M--
M
?
 P--
T
126
2003
Mugha D--
F
?
 xxxx
B
 SPDC hit her on the back 8 times, fired a gun next to her ear, and tied her to a coconut tree for not telling them that the KNU had come to the village. I167
127
2003
M--
M
?
 P--
B
 Tied up and beaten by SPDC soldiers. I167
128
2003
Saw M--
M
?
 P--
B
 Hit twice by SPDC soldiers. I167
129
2003
unnamed villager
F
?
 P--
B
 Hit by SPDC soldiers. I167
130
12/03
Naw M--
F
?
 K--
B
 Beaten by DKBA soldiers. I168
131
12/8/04
Saw T--
M
35
 K--
B
 Beaten by DKBA #333 Brigade soldiers when they were unable to show them where the KNU was hiding. I169
132
 T--
M
40
 K--
B
133
 M--
M
40
 K--
B
134
 Saw M--
M
40
 K--
B
135
1/9/05
Naw M--
F
38
 xxxx
B
 DKBA soldiers, lead by Than Htun, opened fire on their house, seriously wounding all four. I170
136
 Naw K--
F
12
 xxxx
B
137
 U M--
M
6
 xxxx
B
138
 Naw M--
F
46
 xxxx
B

 

Top of Report | Terms and Abbreviations | Table of Contents | Introduction and Executive Summary | Forces in the District | Forced Labour | Landmines | Killings, Detention, and Torture | Fees, Looting, and Extortion | Restrictions | Food Security | Education and Health | Flight and Displacement | Future of the Area | Appendices Previous Section  


 
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