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The following two sections contain orders related to education and health matters. The SPDC military and civil authorities try to exert control over all aspects of education and health as they do with all other aspects of life in Burma and the orders in this section give some indication of this. The previous section, ‘Demands for Intelligence’, contains additional orders telling village heads to send lists of all details on schools and health clinics (see Orders #356, 380, 390, 398, 399, 403, 410, 419.) with the apparent purpose of controlling their operation and intimidating the villagers.
These orders show that military control and forced labour also intrude even into education at the village level. Orders #429, 430 and 435 demand wood for construction of schools and Order #431 demands substantial amounts of money for the construction of schools. Whenever schools are built the villagers must provide all the building materials, the money for the cost, as well as the labour. Much of the money given by villagers for the cost of building the schools goes into the pockets of the SPDC officers. Army officers often use the construction of a school as an excuse to demand more materials than are necessary, and sell the surplus for their own profit. In the same way officer often demand more money than is needed, or in the cases where money is sent by the Education Ministry to build a school, most of the money is pocketed by the officers while the difference is demanded from the villagers. In some cases villagers have complained to KHRG that after providing all the demanded materials for building the school, the school is never built and the materials are never seen again. Although the SPDC does provide salaries to some teachers, the villagers must pay the salaries of most of the teachers as well as pay for all school materials and school fees.
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Order #427 (Pa’an)
Stamp:
Township Peace and Development Council To: Subject: Invitation to attend a coordination meeting for the opening of the ‘Ah Thon Lon’ training Reference Letter No: x/x - xxx/Yay x of Myawaddy Township Peace and Development Council dated 26-10-2002 1. To reach 91 percent to 95.5 percent literacy percentage in Burma in the years 2000-2003 a movement of the masses has to be carried out. During the education year 2001 - 2002 the implementation and carrying out of the Ah Thon Lon training in Rakhaing [Arakan] State and Kayin [Karen] State will begin. To begin the implementation and carrying out of Ah Thon Lon training in Myawaddy Township, a coordination meeting will be held for the opening of the Ah Thon Lon training as below. Ah Thon Lon training supervisory township members, members of Section/Village Peace and Development Councils, Chairpersons, clerks yourself attend without fail (without fail) and continue to invite the school headmasters from your section/villages’ basic education schools to attend the meeting and call them along, you are informed. (a) Date
the [meeting] will be held - 22-1-2002, Tuesday 2. The Village Ah Thon Lon Training Supervisory Committee still has to send the registers of xxxx, yyyy and zzzz villages, so the committee should organize and carry it out in accordance with the information in the organizing reference letter and bring along the committee registers, you are informed.
[Sd.]
19/1/2002 [Page 2] Copy to: [‘Ah Thon Lon’ is the Burmese equivalent of the English reading, writing and arithmetic.] ______________________________________________________________________________ Order #428 (Pa’an)
Township Peace and Development Council Subject: Invitation to a meeting Regarding the above subject, the meeting, we will hold a meeting with the aim as below. Attend (without fail), you are invited. Aim: ‘Ah
Thon Lon’ training matter
[Sd.]
22/1 ______________________________________________________________________________
Stamp:
Date: 25-1-02
Subject: In accordance with the
directive of #36 Battalion from the Strategic Operations Command, send
quickly 2 logs of thit poke [malodorous wood] to yyyy
sawmill on 26-1-02 for repairing the zzzz teaching school, you are
informed. [Sd.] ______________________________________________________________________________ To:
22-2-2002 Subject: Temporarily hire the sawmill Regarding the above subject, temporarily hire the sawmill for about 3 days starting on 24-2-2002 from Saw aaaa from elder’s village for the building of xxxx Monastery, teaching school and hall, you are requested.
[Sd.] ______________________________________________________________________________
Stamp:
Date: 2-3-2002 With respect, on 2-3-2002, in
accordance with the decision of the xxxx [camp] Division
Commander’s arrangement for the building of the middle and high schools
together, the estimate of the money it will cost is 150,000 [Kyat],
150 thousand [Kyat]. The responsibility for sixty thousand
(60,000) Kyat is given to xxxx big village and yyyy
village. Therefore, the big village has to take responsibility for thirty
thousand Kyat (30,000K) and yyyy village for thirty thousand Kyat
(30,000K), letting you know.
[Sd.] U aaaa, 2/3/2002 [The SPDC is going to build a combined middle and high school.] ______________________________________________________________________________ Order #432 (Pa’an)
Stamp:
Township Peace and Development Council
Subject: Distribution and donation of books and pencils for the 2002 ‘Ah Thon Lon’ trainees. 1. For the Ah Thon Lon trainees males/females who are starting in the year 2002 dry season at Myawaddy District, Myawaddy Township, the District Peace and Development Council sent and donated 2,262 books and 2,262 pencils. For the continued distribution of 1 book, 1 pencil to each Ah Thon Lon trainee male/female from your section/village tract, we are sending them in accordance with the attached list. 2. Without fail report again the situation when finished distributing it to the trainees of the Ah Thon Lon training which is starting and training in your section/villages to the office, you are informed.
[Sd.] [Page 2]
Attachment
______________________________________________________________________________ Order #433 (Pa’an)
Stamp:
Township Peace and Development Council
Subject: For the distribution of donated books and pencils to the Year 2002 ‘Ah Thon Lon’ trainees 1. The District Peace and Development Council sent and donated 2,262 books and 2,262 pencils for Ah Thon Lon male/female trainees who started the training in the hot season Year 2002 at Myawaddy District, Myawaddy Township. Continue distributing to the Ah Thon Lon male/female trainees 1 book, 1 pencil each in your section/village tract, we are sending them according to the attached list. 2. Report without fail the situation when finished distributing them to the trainees of the “Ah” Thon Lon training which has opened and is training in your sections/villages. Report without fail again to this office, you are informed.
[Sd.] Copies to- [Page 2]
Attached
______________________________________________________________________________ Order #434 (Pa’an)
Stamp:
Township Peace and Development Council To: Subject: The matter of the ethnic people of the Union who are finishing the Development College Primary Teacher Training Number (33) and applying for the 1 Year Education Training Diploma. Reference: Letter No: x / x - x / Oo x of the Karen State Peace and Development Council dated 25-3-2002 1. Regarding the ethnic people of the Union who are finishing the Development College Primary Teacher Training Number (33) and applying for the 1 Year Education Training Diploma, the State Trainee Selection Committees are to send these applications to the Central Trainee Selection Committee to arrive on time on 1-4-2002. The above Central Trainee Selection Committee informed the ethnic people of the Union Development College with letter No: xxx / - x / x / x / x xx dated on 6-3-2002, and the Karen Sate Peace and Development Council is informing again with this reference letter. 2. Therefore, if the people from your concerned departments and sections/villages who are applying to attend the 1 Year Education Training Diploma 1, remind them to send the applications on time, you are informed.
[Sd.] Copy to: ______________________________________________________________________________ To: The wood order which
is needed to build the new school building Send the wood that is shown to yyyy to arrive on 30-4-2002.
Thankfully,
______________________________________________________________________________ Order #436 (Thaton)
Stamp:
To:
22-5-02 Subject: Asking for hill toddy palm thatch 1. Regarding the above subject,
xxxx (basic middle school) and (health clinic) are destroyed.
[Sd.]
22-5-02 ______________________________________________________________________________ Order #437 (Papun)
Stamp:
To:
Date: 2-6-2002 Subject: The matter of repairing xxxx school. Regarding the above subject, for the roof of xxxx school, 10 male loh ah pay people from the elder’s village come to VPDC office tomorrow on 3-6-2002 to arrive at 7 o’clock in the morning, you are informed. <Note> Do not fail at
all.
Stamp: Chairperson [The roofing of the school took two days to complete.] ______________________________________________________________________________ Order #438 (Dooplaya)
Stamp:
This is for continuing to send these books which have been brought now together with a letter for yyyy village and zzzz village’s school.
[Sd.] ______________________________________________________________________________ Order #439 (Pa’an)
(80’ x 30’) zinc roof, brick wall, timber flooring one
floor school (New design)
Payment for work 20 % 844,333 (About 5 millions 100 thousands) Note:
[Sd.]
17-9-2002 [This is a list of materials which were used to build a school. Six villages had to contribute the money and materials listed here to build this school.]
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The SPDC has long been criticised for placing almost none of its resources into health care. In 2000 the World Health Organisation rated Burma’s health care system 190th out of 191 countries (Sierra Leone ranked last). Over the past several years foreign non-governmental organisations, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), UNICEF and even the UN Development Programme have been trying to force aid for health care on the regime, and been somewhat more efficient in seeing that the aid reaches the target; new clinic, vaccinations and HIV awareness meetings. All of these are financed and arranged by foreign organisations, although when the projects are implemented the SPDC is quick to try and take credit for them.
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Order #440 (Pa’an)
Stamp:
To:
Subject: The matter of carrying out assistance money to build the village health department building in yyyy village. 1. To build the village health department building at yyyy village on March 30th 2002, Village Chairperson and the elders were to coordinate and decide but we have seen that you have not helped or paid until today on 5-5-2002. 2. Therefore, for the donation money to help from the each of the elder’s of the Village Tract, pay to the Treasurer and Funding Committee Chairperson, Chairperson U aaaa at yyyy village, you are informed.
[Sd.] ______________________________________________________________________________ Order #441 (Papun)
Stamp:
To:
26-9-02
[Sd.] ______________________________________________________________________________ Order #442 (Papun)
Stamp:
28-9-2002 To: Subject: The matter of measles vaccination injections Regarding the above
subject, the responsible people from yyyy Health Department will
come to give measles vaccination injections to the young children between
9 months to 5 years at the Elder’s village, so the elder has to know and
call and gather the children between 9 months and 5 years old from the
villages near to xxxx village, letting you know and you are
informed.
[Sd.]
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